The precautions for the use of common bearings mainly include the following points.
1. Reasonable Bearing Assembly
Reasonable assembly of bearings is very important to avoid bearing failure and prolong bearing life. The key to the assembly of bearings lies in whether the assembly method is appropriate and whether the appropriate clearance and clearance can be guaranteed. Similarly, there are method problems when removing bearings. If it is not disassembled properly, it will cause indentation on the raceway if it is light, and the bearing will be scrapped if it is heavy. The inner ring of the bearing shall be stressed during assembly and disassembly, and the outer ring of the bearing shall be stressed during assembly and disassembly. In addition, when the bearing is assembled, the axial clearance is too small, which will increase its additional torque, and the angular displacement between the bearing centerline and the bearing hole centerline is too large, which will deteriorate the working state of the bearing. In practice, these should be avoided. When replacing the bearing bush, the roundness and cylindricity of the journal should be polished to avoid reducing the contact area of the journal and bearing bush and increasing the pressure per unit area; Strictly control the axial clearance of crankshaft and the fit clearance of bearing bush. If the above parts are worn beyond the limit, they should be repaired. During maintenance, check whether all parts of the lubrication system are complete and effective; Important parts of the engine cannot be replaced (e.g. locking wire cannot replace cotter pin, etc.) to avoid accidents caused by work failure and loosening; The bearing clearance should be appropriate. When selecting new parts, the bearing length should meet the requirements, and too short can not ensure reliable fitting and good heat dissipation; When it is too long, the interface is deformed, resulting in axle gnawing; Check the fit clearance between the journal and the bearing bush frequently during use, and adjust and repair it if necessary. If copper is found on the bearing bush without fatigue cracks, it does not belong to abrasion damage. If there is no replacement, it can continue to be used if the lubrication is normal, but the oil change times should be increased.
2. Excessive Load will Cause Premature Fatigue of Bearing Materials
If the cause of bearing failure is overload, bearings with high bearing capacity should be used. In addition, sudden overload during work will cause fatigue pitting of bearings, which should be avoided as far as possible. Operate carefully when starting the engine. Before starting the engine, carry out necessary inspections on the engine (such as checking the oil level, oil pipe joints and oil filters). After the engine is started, let the engine idle for 3 ~ 5min, and drive after the standby oil pressure and coolant temperature rise to the specified value. The steps to start the engine in winter are: start the engine with the starter, but stop it when the engine is about to catch fire (the purpose is to allow the oil pump to pump the oil and deliver it to the oil passage); Restart the engine after the engine stops running for 2 ~ 3min until the engine catches fire; Let the engine run at idle speed (about 550r/ min) for 5 ~ 10min, and drive after the standby oil pressure and coolant temperature rise to the specified value (you can drive only after the coolant temperature and oil pressure reach the specified value).
3. Good Lubrication is one of the Important Conditions to Avoid Bearing Failure and Prolong Its Service Life
Good lubrication can not only improve the stability of movement, but also absorb vibration, buffer and reduce wear. The viscosity of lubricating oil must be carefully selected. If it is too viscous, it will increase the resistance; Too thin selection will affect the lubrication effect. Which lubrication method, grease or oil to use depends on its specific working conditions. The engine oil should be used correctly. For example, Dongfeng Cummins engine has high requirements for the quality of engine oil, so it is recommended to use CD15W/ 40 diesel engine oil (annual oil in general areas). Replace the engine oil as required, check the oil quality regularly, and replace it in time if dilution and deterioration are found. The engine oil and oil filter should be changed when the vehicle is driven for about 10000 km for secondary maintenance. If you want to implement the system of changing oil according to quality, you must use high-quality oil testing instruments to prevent incorrect test results. The oil filter is disposable. When changing the oil, the oil filter must be changed. Adhere to the daily inspection, adhere to the inspection before leaving the car, during driving and after receiving the car, and timely eliminate the leakage of oil pipe joints to ensure the normal operation of the engine. Strictly abide by the operating procedures, use the vehicle correctly, and try to avoid heavy load, low speed and overload operation.
4. Pay Attention to Selecting the Appropriate Brand of Lubricating Oil
In particular, the lubricating oil used in new engines cannot be replaced by ordinary engine oil. The oil filter should be maintained regularly. According to the service conditions, it is generally advisable to replace the filter element once at 3000 ~ 4000km. The installed oil pump shall be qualified products through bench performance test; The pressure limiting valve and safety valve used in the installation shall be qualified products after performance test. Before starting the engine, check the amount of lubricating oil, and add it according to the standard if it is insufficient; When starting the cold car, it should first run at idle speed and no-load for 3 ~ 5min, and then gradually transition to high-speed or full load operation; During use, it is strictly forbidden to operate the engine for a long time under overload to avoid rapid acceleration; If the oil pressure warning light is found to be on during driving, find out the cause and deal with it properly before continuing operation.
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