Abstract: This article will analyze and explore the main strategies for preventing damage to sliding bearings, hoping to provide some help and suggestions for relevant personnel to better avoid damage to sliding shafts.
Keywords: injury prevention; Sliding bearings; Mechanical vehicles
Introduction
When the sliding bearing is in working condition, friction occurs between the bearing and the journal due to their contact, causing various conditions such as wear, heat generation, and biting on their surfaces. The specific damage content includes corrosion of the bearing surface, corrosion of the journal surface, pulling of the journal surface, micro motion wear of the bearing back, pulling up of the bearing surface, peeling of the bearing surface, burning of the bearing, and wear of the bearing. Therefore, studying the main strategies for preventing damage to sliding bearings has certain practical significance.
1. Reasonably assemble and maintain bearings
The staff should strengthen the work of hinge bearings, improve the quality of hinge bearings, and ensure that the back of the bearings is free of spots, exhibiting smooth characteristics and having very complete positioning protrusions. The opening amount of the bearing should be set reasonably to ensure that after assembling the bearing, the bearing shell can tightly fit the seat hole of the bearing with elastic force. The height of the upper and lower bearing shells of the bearing seat should be determined according to the actual situation, so that the bearing cover bolts can be tightened according to the torque requirements, and the bearing seat and bearing should be closely matched to form a large amount of frictional self shrinking force. If the bearing is very tight and has strong heat dissipation, the prevention effect of wear and erosion will be better [1]. At the same time, in the process of assembling bearings, it is necessary to strengthen the inspection of crankshaft bearings and shaft necks, strictly follow the repair specifications and process inspection, avoid various problems such as incorrect installation methods causing bearing bolts not meeting regulations, uneven torque, and non-standard installation, and prevent bearing damage caused by stress concentration, bending deformation, and other situations.
2. Proper use of bearings
Firstly, when under low-speed heavy load conditions, try not to let the engine work for a long time as much as possible. Under low-speed and heavy load conditions, the bearings of the engine will reach the state of boundary lubrication, especially after the engine reduces the speed to the vibration point. Due to the influence of vibration waves, different metals are easily in contact with each other. To ensure that bearings have a longer service life, it is necessary to control the speed as low as possible when the engine is under low-speed heavy load conditions.
Secondly, if the bearings are severely lacking in lubricating oil, excessive and significant wear may occur, sometimes leading to tile burning. From this, we can see that when using machinery, the staff need to regularly inspect the oil pan and oil surface. If the height is not enough, it needs to be added. When using machinery, staff need to conduct regular inspections of the quality of lubricating oil. Generally speaking, during the use of lubricating oil, the lubricating oil will gradually deteriorate, mainly due to fuel dilution and mechanical impurities pollution. When the value of lubricating oil depreciates, it will greatly reduce the lubrication effect and bring varying degrees of harm to machinery. This requires workers to regularly conduct comprehensive and detailed inspections of the quality of lubricating oil, and replace it if necessary.
3. Adjust and inspect bearings in a timely manner
The bearing inspection work mainly includes disassembly inspection and non disassembly inspection. Among them, non disassembly inspection refers to auscultation work based on the sound emitted by the machine without disassembling it, using the experience of the staff or corresponding equipment. If the bearing is damaged, there will be abnormal noises and knocking sounds during its operation. For the main bearings, the knocking sound is relatively rough and heavy, and it will become louder and louder with the increase of load and speed, especially when the throttle suddenly increases, it will have a more prominent sound, and the engine will vibrate. After the gap increases, the tiles burn, and the alloy falls off to a certain extent, there will be knocking sounds regardless of the load and speed. When determining the source of the bearing sound, most workers judge based on their own experience or cut off the front and rear cylinders of the bearing. If the sound decreases at this time, it indicates that it is the sound emitted by the bearing. At the same time, compared with the knocking sound emitted by the main bearing, the knocking sound of the connecting rod bearing is slightly lighter. When heard from the outside of the body, it is like the sound of a refractory brick being hit by a small hammer, with a solid and short characteristic. To enhance the effectiveness of auscultation, staff can use a machine stethoscope.
Disassembly inspection is generally carried out simultaneously with bearing technical repair and maintenance, or after identifying specific problems without disassembly inspection. The staff can effectively identify the condition of bearing damage through disassembly inspection. When checking the clearance between connecting rod bearings on a vehicle, the oil should be drained first, the connecting rod end cap and oil pan should be removed, and then the bearings should be taken out. If there are no cracks, detachment, or burning of the wear-resistant alloy, the impurity layer on its surface should be scraped off with a scraper, and the oil holes and grooves should be corrected to reveal the new wear-resistant alloy layer. Then, the disassembly steps should be followed to adjust and inspect the gap.
4. Adjust the design process
When designing and selecting bearings, consideration should be given to their thermal balance and temperature rise control measures should be taken. When in a state of friction, the bearing will experience some power consumption due to the friction generated inside the lubricating oil, which can easily cause temperature rise in the bearing when converted into heat. After changing the clearance and reducing the viscosity of the lubricating oil, the Babbitt alloy in the bearing will soften, and in severe cases, safety accidents such as burning the tile and holding the shaft may occur. It is not difficult to see from here that when designing the structure of bearings, the oil inlet hole should be located at the top of the upper bearing shell, allowing lubricating oil to enter through the non load bearing area. When opening the oil groove, the oil inlet hole should be taken as the center and run horizontally or vertically along the inner surface of the bearing shell. This can make the lubricating oil more evenly distributed above the shaft neck and play a role in controlling the temperature rise.
According to the actual working conditions of bearings, bearing materials should have strong plasticity, mechanical strength, anti bonding ability, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, thermal conductivity, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion and friction. From this, we can see that Babbitt alloy is a good choice for bearing materials. If Babbitt alloy is used, it can work better when the load is stable, but it is prone to cavitation when the load is unstable, so it is not suitable for use in high-power generators. In contrast, low tin lead based alloys and high tin lead based alloys have higher hardness, strength, cavitation resistance, and fatigue resistance, and will have good effects when applied to high-power engines.
Conclusion
In summary, studying the main strategies for preventing damage to sliding bearings is of great significance. Relevant personnel should effectively eliminate the faults of sliding bearings based on the specific causes of damage, through reasonable assembly and maintenance of bearings, correct use of bearings, timely adjustment and inspection of bearings, adjustment of design processes, and other methods, so as to extend the service life of bearings and create more benefits.
2025 March 1st Week Marginal Product Recommendation:
Plastic Self-lubricating Bearings:
Filament wound self-lubricating bearings,High strength glass fiber with epoxy resin baked with PTFE and special fiber as bearing lining, the back material provides high load capacity and bearing lining offers low friction under dry condition. Therefore, this special structure offered an outstanding anti-wear feature and anti-impact performance, suitable for high load with high corrosion resistance application like lifting machinery, logistic machinery, agricultural machinery, and port machinery etc. This special structure offered an outstanding anti-wear feature and anti-impact performance, suitable for high load with high corrosion resistance application like lifting machinery, logistic machinery, agricultural machinery, and port machinery etc,.
